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Unit 1
doff
vt
- The peasants(农民) doff their hats.
- They doffed their coats when they came inside.
- He doffed his cap as he introduced himself.
dogged
adj
- Her dogged efforts eventually paid off.
- They have, through sheer dogged determination, slowly gained respect for their efforts.
- Her dogged efforts eventually paid off.
dogmatic
adj
- She’s become so dogmatic lately that arguing with her is pointless.
- a critic’s dogmatic insistence that abstract expressionism is the only school of 20th century art worthy of serious study
doldrums
n
- He’s been in the doldrums ever since she left him.
- Despite these measures, the economy remains in the doldrums.
dolorous
adj
- So, in the here, I hope all dolorous things are past, all happy things around you every day!
- If you are sad at the moment, even it was happy in your mind , but you are dolorous.
- Missing you is the beautiful dolorous disconsolate(惆怅), in the heart, but it is the warm without any words.
dolt
n
- That Jane is such a dolt. She left her cellphone in a taxi.
- You can fight all day, but want dolt thinks he can beat God?
domicile
vt
- The university domiciles students in a variety of buildings in and around its urban campus.
- There is no dispute that Ford is a citizen of Florida and is domiciled there.
dominant
- adj
- The firm has achieved a dominant position in the world market.
- a change which would maintain his party’s dominant position in Scotland
- adj
the dominant gene
don
vt
- He donned his jacket and went out.
- He donned his cloak and gloves.
donor
n
- She is one of the charity’s main donors.
- The heart transplant will take place as soon as a suitable donor can be found.
Unit 2
doodle
- vi
She doodled in her notebook instead of taking notes. - vi
I plan to spend the entire vacation just doodling.
dormant
adj
- the long dormant volcano of Mount St. Helens erupted in 1980
- During the winter the seeds lie dormant in the soil.
- a large contingent of dormant processes can affect system performance
dour
adj
- a dour expression on her face
- At sunrise, Lam was questioned by a tall, dour man named Shi.
douse
vt
- The pumps were started and the crew began to douse the fire with water.
- douse the lights / blaze
downplay
vt
- Police sources yesterday downplayed the significance of the security breach.
- He self-deprecatingly downplays his own contributions to the festival’s success.
- Athletes often downplay their injuries.
doom
v
- The plan was doomed to failure.
- That argument was the turning point for their marriage, and the one which doomed it to failure.
- He had always felt that he was doomed to remain single forever
doyen
n
- He is considered the doyen of political journalists.
- He was considered the doyen of American art critics.
- Arthur C Clarke is the doyen of science-fiction writers.
doze
vi / n
- She dozed off in front of the fire.
- We couldn’t help but doze off during his lecture.
- I had a doze on the train.
draconian
adj
- The editorial criticizes the draconian measures being taken to control the spread of the disease.
- Western powers piled on increasingly draconian sanctions to force Iran to back down.
- This may be thanks to the prompt, if perhaps slightly draconian, quarantine measures instituted by the Chinese government.
drawl
v
- His mother was speaking with a slight drawl.
- He drawled his name in a Southern accent.
- “Well, hello there,” she drawled.
Unit 3
dreary
adj
- a dreary lecture
- a long and dreary journey on the train
- Reading is a quiet activity and it will often induce sleep in the supine position. Especially if it’s a dreary textbook or work paper.
drench
vt
- We were caught in the storm and got drenched to the skin.
- They turned fire hoses on the people and drenched them.
drivel
n / v
- How can you watch that drivel on TV?
- What absolute drivel!
- my roommate talks in her sleep, but it’s just drivel
- What is he driveling about now?
diminutive
adj
- Its diminutive size makes it so handy for stashing in a coat pocket.
- Her eyes scanned the room until they came to rest on a diminutive figure standing at the entrance.
drollness
n
- The professor’s drollness endeared him to his students.
- He is a drollness.
drone
v
- A plane was droning in the distance.
- Chambers’ voice droned, maddening as an insect around his head.
- Above him an invisible plane droned through the night sky.
drudgery
n
- People want to get away from the drudgery of their everyday lives.
- Making massive changes to code is always a drudgery and an error-prone process.
dubious
adj
- I was rather dubious about the whole idea.
- They indulged in some highly dubious business practices to obtain their current position in the market.
- This claim seems to us to be rather dubious.
ductile
adj
- a ductile personality
- He is ductile by others’ comments.
dulcet
adj
- I thought I recognized your dulcet tones.
- The inmost happiness is the most dulcet in the world.
- Outside, sky is clean blue, birds are singings amazing dulcet, it seems to me that they are happy.
Unit 4
dullard
n
- He was often mistaken for a dullard because he never said much in discussions.
- Fishes have long been dismissed as dullards, but new observations and studies are proving this assumption wrong.
dupe
- n
“You’re not expected to have an answer for that,” says Mr Hallock. “What you are is you are a dupe“. - vt
- He was duped into giving them his credit card.
- They soon realized they had been duped.
- Nobody’s perfect, even scientists get duped.
duplicitous
adj
- He warned her not to trust the duplicitous art dealer.
- Your duplicitous classmate walks over to you and says, innocently, “Hey! How are things going?”
dwindle
vi
- Supporters for the party has dwindled away to nothing.
- Membership of the club has dwindled from 70 to 20.
- The factory’s workforce has dwindled from over 4,000 to a few hundred.
dyspeptic
adj
- in a dyspeptic mood
- He was dyspeptic recently because he was cheated by others.
earnest
adj
- Despite her earnest efforts, she could not find a job.
- If I were, this is the stage when I would prepare in earnest for them.
- You may laugh but I’m in deadly earnest.
embryonic
adj
- The plan, as yet, only exists in embryonic form.
- The tourism industry there is still in an embryonic stage.
earsplitting
adj
- The train’s whistle made an earsplitting noise.
- The earsplitting noise coming from the jackhammers at the construction site.
eavesdrop
vi
- We caught him eavesdropping outside the window.
- The government illegally eavesdropped on his telephone conversations.
- He ensconced himself in the closet in order to eavesdrop.
ebullient
adj
- ebullient performers
- the ebullient Russian president
- The NBER’s(国家经济研究局) pronouncement did not dampen(使沮丧) the ebullient mood of investors.
- The atmosphere was ebullient and the consensus clear: Design’s moment is now.
Unit 5
eccentric
adj
- eccentric behaviour / clothes
- He is an eccentric character who likes wearing a beret and dark glasses.
- In all of them his thinking was widely regarded at the outset as eccentric or worse.
éclat
n
- They gave him more éclat than he really deserved.
- Her latest novel was received with great éclat.
eclipse
vt
- Though a talented player, he was completely eclipsed by his brother.
- the space programme has been eclipsed by other pressing needs
- The play now seems to eclipse the work.
ecstasy
n
- It seems that he could rest for a while to enjoy the ecstasy of victory.
- I swear I caught a look of ecstasy on his little face as he dug his hands into the sugar and shoveled it into his mouth.
ecumenical
adj
- Leaders of the tea-party movement early on went out of their way to insist that theirs is a ecumenical movement, but I think we all knew this was nonsense.
- The ecumenical approach seemed to annoy some executives.
- Space form study is the nonobjective and ecumenical study about space.
edible
adj
- a plant with edible leaves
- All of the decorations on the gingerbread(姜饼) house were edible.
- The picture is made of chocolate. The frame is edible.
edifice
- n
- The taxi driver reeled off a list of historic edifices they must not fail to visit.
- The U.S. Capitol is one of our nation’s most impressive edifices.
- n
- The marvellous edifice of modern finance took years to build. The world had a weekend to save it from collapsing.
- “The whole intellectual edifice has collapsed,” the former Fed chairman told Congress that fall.
efface
vt
- a memory effaced by time
- Wind and rain might efface memories, but not the everlasting devotion to education.
- I will never efface the image of a common service worker.
effervesce
vi
- effervesce over the news of victory
- For decades, when not effervescing over royal weddings and births, the tabloids have castigated the royals as lazy, frumpy, dissipated or self-indulgent.
effete
adj
- During the middle ages, Greek civilization declined and became effete.
- The soft, effete society that marked the final years of the Roman empire.
Unit 6
effluvium
n
The effluvia from local sewage treatment plants polluting the river.
effrontery
n
- You crashed my car and now you have the effrontery to ask me for my bicycle!
- How can you have the effrontery to ask for another loan?
effulgent
adj
- He has endless thoughts for the most effulgent sunbeam that shines after the storm.
- The exceptional effulgent moon is always a striking sight.
effusive
adj
- He was effusive in his praise.
- She hugged me, passionately effusive as always.
- Husbands are effusive, heartfelt, and articulate in their appreciation of both their partners and their marriages.
egalitarian
adj
- I still believe in the notion of an egalitarian society.
- egalitarian policies for the redistribution of wealth
egoistic
adj
- Choose friends must be careful! Pure egoistic, will put on the mask of friendship, but also set a trap to hang you.
- One tries to put aside egoistic pursuits and gain a deeper understanding of one’s connection to all people and things.
- An egoistic person cannot love because love equalizes.
elaborate
adj / vt
- She had prepared a very elaborate meal.
- She went on to elaborate her argument.
- A spokesman declined to elaborate on a statement released late yesterday.
elastic
- adj
- Rubber(橡胶) is an elastic material.
- These regulations are elastic.
- adj
My elastic spirits revived.
elate
vt
- The discovery has elated researchers.
- The winning of the state basketball championship elated the whole town.
eleemosynary
adj
- He used his vast fortune for establishing and funding a host of eleemosynary institutions.
- So the answer is that every piece of a newspaper has to be economically evaluated, because, in the end, we’re not an eleemosynary institution, even though most of the newspapers have been run as one.
Unit 7
elegy
n
- a touching elegy for a lost friend
- When they sing a beautiful elegy to youth, a lament for all the things lost along the way, many were in tears.
elephantine
- adj
- He has an elephantine ego.
- His legs were elephantine.
- The wedding reception was held under an elephantine tent on the great lawn.
- adj
- elephantine clumsiness
- elephantine movements
elevate
- vt
- He was elevated to the post of president.
- Emotional stress can elevate blood pressure.
- Great books that both entertain and elevate their readers.
- vt
- The song never failed to elevate his spirits.
- Seeing their son ordained as a priest was one of the most elevating moments in their lives.
elicit
vt
- Her tears elicited great sympathy from her audience.
- Mr. Norris said he was hopeful that his request would elicit a positive response.
elliptical
- adj
- a writer with an elliptical style
- an elliptical remark
- elliptical response to problems
- adj
the moon’s elliptical orbit
elucidate
v
- He elucidated a point of grammar.
- I will try to elucidate what I think the problems are.
- The pathway could also elucidate how language evolved.
emaciate
vt
- cattle emaciated by illness
- Without adequate medical supplies, doctors could only look on helplessly as cholera(霍乱) victims continued to emaciate.
emancipate
vt
- That war preserved the Union and emancipated the slaves.
- Slaves were not emancipated until 1863 in the United States.
- This new machine will emancipate us from the hard work.
embargo
n
- an embargo on arms sales to certain countries
- a trade embargo against certain countries
- The United Nations imposed an arms embargo against the country.
embark
vi
- He’s embarking on a new career as a writer.
- She is about to embark on a diplomatic career.
Unit 8
embarrass
vt
- Her questions about my private life embarrassed me.
- They were my friends, and I just didn’t want to embarrass them publicly.
embed
vt
- an operation to remove glass that was embedded in his leg
- These attitudes are deeply embedded in our society.
embezzle
vt
- He was found guilty of embezzling $150 000 of public funds.
- Prosecutors have opened investigations into several bank executives and regulators, accusing them of colluding to embezzle funds and grant illegal loans.
embolden
vt
- Emboldened by the wine, he went over to introduce himself to her.
- With such a majority, the administration was emboldened to introduce radical new policies.
- The president was steadily emboldened by the discovery that he faced no opposition.
emboss
vt
- The hotel’s name was embossed on the stationery(信笺).
- The cup is embossed with a design of Shanghai skyline.
embrace
vt
- They embraced and promised to keep in touch.
- He embraces the new information age.
embroider
v
- He told some lies and sometimes just embroidered the truth.
- He is known to embroider the truth about his service in the army.
emigrate
vi
- He emigrated from Canada to the United States.
- In 1991 Muchnik, her husband and three children emigrated to the United States, seeking more freedom.
eminent
adj
- many eminent surgeons are on the hospital’s staff
- Next year sees the 150th anniversary of the ‘invention’ of the dinosaurs by the eminent English anatomist and palaeontologist, Richard Owen.
emollient
adj
- The North Korea’s relatively emollient tone suggests that there remains an opening for the summit to go ahead at a later date and for talks about it to carry on in the meantime.
- He soothe us in our agonies(痛苦) with emollient words.
Unit 9
emulate
vt
- Sons are traditionally expected to emulate their fathers.
- artists emulating the style of their teachers
enact
vt
- legislation enacted by parliament
- The authorities have failed so far to enact a law allowing unrestricted emigration.
- To enact such a law is to break a higher law that demands fairness and respect for human life.
enamel
vt
- Pour the milk and cream into a stainless-steel or enameled pot.
- Both the black enameled interior and colorful enameled exterior are durable and resistant to stains.
encomium
n
- the encomiums bestowed(授予) on a teacher at her retirement ceremonies
- In this genre there is no praise of individual; it is a laudation of the collective Athenians, which is turned into an encomium of the greatness of the polis.
encompass
vt
- The job encompasses a wide range of responsibilities.
- The group encompasses all ages.
- The map shows the rest of the western region, encompassing nine states.
encumber
vt
- The police operation was encumbered by crowds of reporters.
- It is still labouring under the debt that it was encumbered with in the 1980s.
- Be arrogant(自大) will not only encumber you from having good relation with others, but also obstruct you from getting progress as well.
endemic
adj
- Companies say these problems are endemic to doing business in China.
- The fish is not an endemic species of the lake, and it is rapidly devouring the native trout population.
- Not only does it have a rich animal and plant life, it also houses a huge number of endemic species found nowhere else on earth.
endorse
vt
- The newspaper has endorsed the conservative candidate for mayor.
- We do not endorse their position.
- That brand of sneaker(运动鞋) is endorsed by several basketball stars.
enervate
vt
- a lifetime of working in dreary jobs had enervated his soul
- The surgery really enervated me for weeks afterwards.
enfranchise
- vt
- The company voted to enfranchise its 120 women members.
- New Zealand was the first country to enfranchise women. It gave them the vote in 1895.
- vt
- enfranchise slaves
- In a way, modern labor-saving appliances enfranchised people, giving them much more leisure time.
Unit 10
engender
vt
- The issue engendered controversy(争论).
- The issue has engendered a considerable amount of debate.
- a suggestion to go out for pizza that didn’t seem to engender any interest
engross
vt
- a mystery story that will engross readers all the way to the surprise ending
- Unlike so much of the world, China is not engrossed in soccer.
- In the story, Nick has been engrossed in his video games lately and he’s developed a bit of a careless attitude.
enigma
n
- Many scholars call it the ultimate enigma of the Nazi era, indeed perhaps of modern history: How did the Holocaust happen? And why in Germany?
- Despite the enigma of the singularity(奇点), the big bang theory is unquestionably one of the most successful ideas in the history of science.
enlighten
vt
- She didn’t enlighten him about her background.
- TV programs should enlighten the audience as well as entertainment.
- I don’t understand what’s going on; can someone please enlighten me?
enmity
n
- We need to put aside old enmities for the sake of peace.
- What has earned her the enmity of so many peers is her indiscriminate outspokenness.
- The two countries too often relish their political enmity over the huge potential benefits from trade.
ennoble
vt
- a life ennobled by suffering
- Her skill and talent ennoble her profession.
- He was ennobled by the queen.
ennui
n
- The kind of ennui that comes from having too much time on one’s hands and too little will to find something productive to do.
- You too would suffer from ennui if you had to spend months in a hospital bed.
- The whole country seems to be affected by the ennui of winter.
expostulate
vi
- “For heaven’s sake!” Dot expostulated, “They’re cheap and they’re useful.”
- The father expostulate with his son about the foolishness of leaving school.
- Didn’t you ever expostulate with her on the subject?
ensconce
vt
- They ensconced themselves within the protection of three great elms.
- He ensconced himself behind the television.
- The sculpture is safely ensconced behind glass.
ensue
vi
- An argument ensued.
- There needs just one case to be brought to court and won, then a flood of cases will ensue.
- If the Europeans did not reduce subsidies, a trade war would ensue.
