音频：
Unit 1
canvass
- v
- The proposal is currently being canvassed.
- The company canvassed several sites for a new factory.
- The evidence had been repeatedly canvassed in American courts.
- v
- We go to every house to canvass voters.
- She is canvassing for one of the presidential candidates this year.
capitulate
v
- They were finally forced to capitulate to the terrorists’ demands.
- The city capitulated after a three-week siege(围攻).
- The enemy was warned to capitulate or face annihilation(消灭).
caprice
n
- I lived in terror of her sudden caprices.
- the caprices of the weather
captivate
vt
- The children were captivated by her stories.
- I was captivated by her brilliant mind.
- The allure and charm of Paris captivate all who visit there.
careworn
adj
- Her face was careworn with anxiety.
- He looked now more careworn and emaciated(憔悴) than as we described him at the scene of Hester’s public ignominy.
cardinal
adj
- Respect for life is a cardinal principle of English law.
- As a salesman, your cardinal rule is to do everything you can to satisfy a customer.
caricature
- n
- He had unfairly presented a caricature of my views.
- The poster showed a caricature of Hitler with a devil’s horns and tail.
- v
- She was unfairly caricatured as a dumb blonde(金发女郎).
- Her political career has been caricatured in the headlines.
carnal
- adj
- see with carnal eyes
- Not only do they need each to fulfil their carnal desires, but she is in need of her husband for his assistance etc. and he is in need of her service and comfort etc.
- adj
a carnal mind
carouse
vi
- They told him to stay home with his wife instead of going out and carousing with friends.
- He told her the whole truth about his life and said if she’d marry him, he would never drink or carouse again.
carp
vi
- He cannot understand why she’s constantly carping at him.
- carp about the order of names on the wedding invitation
Unit 2
cliquish
adj
- cliquish gossip
- Pigs can also be cliquish: an older new arrival may not easily find acceptance.
- Wenzhou Christians tend to be cliquish and enjoy speaking their dialect among themselves. In fact, all Chinese value their provincial roots a lot.
cast
- vt
- cast doubt on their reliability
- This latest evidence casts serious doubt on his version of events.
- v
Once she became rich and didn’t need them anymore, she cast off all her old friends like so much junk.
castigate
vt
- Marx never lost an opportunity to castigate colonialism(殖民主义).
- The author castigate the prime minister as an ineffective leader.
catalyze
vt
- a reinstitution of the draft would catalyze protests around the country
- innovations in basic chemical theory that have catalyzed the field
- The two killings spurred protests and catalyzed the Black Lives Matter movement.
catastrophe
- n
- Early warnings of rising water levels prevented another major catastrophe.
- From all points of view, war would be a catastrophe.
- n
- The party was a catastrophe.
- The attempt to expand the business was a catastrophe for the firm.
categorical
adj
- to make a categorical statement
- He issued a categorical denial about his involvement in the deal.
- There is a categorical distinction between natural things and artificial things.
catholic
adj
- He was a man of catholic tastes, a lover of grand opera, history, and the fine arts.
- a museum director with catholic tastes in art
caustic
adj
- His abrasive wit and caustic comments were an interviewer’s nightmare.
- In his early years in the company, his meddling in tiny details maddened colleagues, and his criticism could be caustic and even humiliating(羞辱性的).
caveat
n
- a caveat against unfair practices
- His investment advice comes with a caveat: that the stock market is impossible to predict with absolute accuracy.
cavil
v
- cavil about the price of a cup of coffee
- I don’t think this is the time to cavil at the wording of the report.
Unit 3
cataclysmal
adj
- An international cataclysmal economic depression hurt many countries.
- The country barely survived the cataclysmal war.
cede
vt
- Alsace-Lorraine was ceded to Germany by France in 1871.
- Only a short campaign took place in Puerto Rico, but after the war Spain ceded the island to America.
cement
n / v
- values which are the cement of society
- Nothing cements a friendship between countries so much as trade.
- The President’s visit was intended to cement the alliance between the two countries.
censor
vt
- The news reports had been heavily censored.
- Russian President Dmitry Medvedev has said that his administration is not going to censor the Internet, but that may be because it has found something more effective: spinning it.
concomitant
adj
- Cultures that were better at trading saw a concomitant increase in their wealth.
- Concomitant with the historic changes in China are the new development and changes in the whole world.
- With the redundancies(裁员) in the City there has been a concomitant wave of marital(婚姻的) upheaval(剧变).
censure
v
- The ethics committee may take a decision to admonish him or to censure him.
- He was censured by the committee for his failure to report the problem.
chic
adj
- She is always so chic, so elegant.
- Her gown was very French and very chic.
- Shorten the hems on your bargain pants and you’ll look chic rather than vaguely like you’re trying to sweep the streets.
cessation
n
- Mexico called for an immediate cessation of hostilities.
- the cessation of harmful traditional practices
chaff
v
- A coworker who likes to chaff at others’ expense, and this often results in hurt feelings.
- He chaffed her about the brightly colored shirt she had received.
chagrin
n
- She had gained five pounds over the winter, much to her chagrin.
- Imagine my chagrin when a whiz kid from Dayton made all A’s in the first quarter while I made two B’s and a C+.
Unit 4
chameleon
n
- The chameleon‘s skin replicates the pattern of its surroundings.
- A social chameleon will adopt and reflect the mood and sentiment of the situation and suppress their own.
champion
vt
- He passionately championed the poor.
- She is a lawyer who champions children’s rights.
- Our senator championed the idea of lowering taxes.
compulsive
adj
- a compulsive drinker / gambler / liar
- He was a compulsive gambler and often heavily in debt.
- He was a compulsive autodidact(自学者), wanting to know the names and nature of everything.
chimera
n
- Religious unity remained as much a chimera as ever.
- Economic stability in that country is a chimera.
- EU is just a chimera that can’t prevent old nations from playing their dices.
charlatan
n
- the famed faith healer turned out to be a charlatan
- Anyone who says they can predict earthquake precisely and repeatedly is a charlatan.
chary
adj
- Federal appeals courts are extremely chary of overturning state courts’ decisions.
- I’m also chary. I never work without a disguise that matches my assignment.
chase
v
- He chased after the burglar but couldn’t catch him.
- My dog likes chasing rabbits.
chasm
n
- They built a bridge over the chasm.
- At the heart of the chasm, Grody-Patinkin found, was a lack of understanding from both sides.
- Bridging those chasms and tamping down on polarization will be a critical test for Trudeau’s government.
chauvinistic
adj
- The Russians are a proud, talented, and chauvinistic people who seek(and believe they deserve)to be considered the leading country in the world hierarchy of nation-states.
- They are chauvinistic people and they are blind to their country’s faults.
check
- vt
- Sex education is also expected to help check the spread of AIDS.
- A tree finally checked the skidding car.
- She wanted to tell him the whole truth but she checked herself—it wasn’t the right moment.
- v
Their story of what happened checks with the report of the eyewitness.
Unit 5
cherubic
adj
- her beaming, cherubic face
- a cherubic little girl
chicanery
n
- That candidate only won the election through chicanery.
- Safety Daniel Etter took on the enforcer’s role, staying close to the Axe in case any chicanery.
- They are skilled at chicanery and lies.
chide
v
- She chided herself for being so impatient with the children.
- Jack chided himself for worrying.
- However, they will chide you if you try to speak French.
choleric
adj
- He was affable at one moment, choleric the next.
- I absolutely get choleric when a telemarketer calls during the dinner hour.
chord
vi
The revised system chords perfectly with the original goals.
chromatic
adj
- chromatic paintings
- Brands could work with color blind populations, fund research to test optimal hues for healthcare environments, or spotlight chromatic solutions to transform urban environments.
chronic
adj
- chronic back pain / bronchitis(支气管炎) / arthritis(关节炎) / asthma(哮喘)
- the country’s chronic unemployment problem
- a chronic shortage of housing in rural areas
churlish
adj
- The room was so nice it seemed churlish to argue.
- It would be churlish to refuse such a generous offer.
- She would think him churlish if he refused.
cipher
n
- secret communications written in cipher
- The cipher cannot be decoded without the key.
circuitous
adj
- We took a circuitous route to the airport so as to avoid the massive traffic jam on the highway.
- Their logic seems a bit circuitous.
Unit 6
circumlocution
n
- I had no patience with diplomatic circumlocutions.
- I’m trying to avoid circumlocutions in my writing.
- He was criticized for his use of circumlocution.
circumscribe
vt
- The power of the monarchy was circumscribed by the new law.
- There are laws circumscribing the right of individual citizens to cause bodily harm to others.
- He promised, too, to scrap some of the many rules that circumscribe daily life.
circumspect
adj
- The banks should have been more circumspect in their dealings.
- Mr. Noda is more circumspect about China, which he describes as both an opportunity and a risk for Japan.
- I actually like finding entrepreneurs who are more circumspect, less braggadocios and generally more planned about their actions.
circumvent
vt
- He found a way to circumvent the law.
- Rondon and Lyra paddled(划船) to the right side, where they found a channel that circumvented the worst part of the rapids.
civility
n
- Staff members are trained to treat customers with civility at all times.
- Rudeness is out, and civility is the new rule in an uncertain world.
chokehold
n
- Critics say the rule just puts a choke hold on legal immigration for no reason.
- had a choke hold on the city’s finances
clandestine
adj
- They are having a clandestine meeting.
- a clandestine love affair
- I took a clandestine peek at the price tag on the diamond necklace.
clarion
adj
- a clarion call to action
- This article is my clarion call to everyone to change the world in their own way.
clarity
n
- This remarkable technology provides far greater clarity than conventional x-rays.
- She remembered what happened that day with surprising clarity.
- I’m looking for greater clarity about what is expected of our students.
clasp
n / v
- He leaned forward, his hands clasped tightly together.
- I stood there, clasping the door handle.
- He took her hand in his firm warm clasp.
Unit 7
clement
- adj
Clement judge reduced the sentence.
2. adj
- Hawaii is known for its delightfully clement climate.
- Clement weather and plentiful water mean that Punjab produces an eighth of India’s total food grains.
cliché
n / adj
- a speech filled with clichés about “finding your way” and “keeping the faith”
- Time has been the best healer for the pain of loss, just as the old cliché says, but letting go is still difficult.
- This statement has become a clichés, but that doesn’t make it irrelevant.
clog
n / v
- cars clogged the main street
- The drain(下水道) clogs easily because the opening is so small.
- I am clearing a clog in the kitchen sink.
clot
- n
- He needed emergency surgery to remove a blood clot from his brain.
- A clot of daisies(雏菊) occupied one corner of the flower bed.
- v
medications that prevent blood from clotting
cordial
- adj
- a cordial welcome
- two nations maintaining cordial relations
- We received a cordial greeting from our hostess at the party.
- adj
- bottles full of excellent cordial waters
- A cordial nip od vodka would be the right choice for someone suffering from cold.
clout
n
- Mr. Sutherland may have the clout to push the two trading giants into a deal.
- I knew his opinion carried a lot of clout with them.
cloying
adj
- After a while, the softness of his voice becomes cloying.
- the sweet, cloying smell of cheap perfume
- Here is where I beg, in cloying tones, that we teach the children to learn from these mistakes.
clumsy
adj
- His clumsy fingers couldn’t untie the knot.
- How clumsy of me to break the vase!
coagulate
v
- Blood began to coagulate around the edges of the wound.
- An enzyme(酶) that occurs in gastric(胃的) juice causes milk to coagulate.
coalesce
v
- The puddles(水洼) had coalesced into a small stream.
- He needs to show that his party can coalesce principles and policies, not just power.
Unit 8
coax
v
- She coaxed the horse into coming a little closer.
- Banks have long tried to coax savers to shift into higher-yielding investments.
coda
n
- The movie’s coda shows the main character as an adult 25 years later.
- The final two months were a miserable coda to the President’s first period in office.
coerce
vt
- Potter had argued that the government coerced him into pleading guilty.
- If a weak country cannot coerce a more powerful country through force of arms, then it cannot coerce the other country with law either.
coeval
adj
- Tang Xianzu, a playwright of Ming Dynasty in 16th Century, was the coeval of Shakespeare of Britain.
- two stars thought to be coeval because they have nearly the same mass and brightness
cogent
- adj
- She put forward some cogent reasons for abandoning the plan.
- Every decision has to be backed up with rational and cogent arguments.
- adj
The last section brings it all back home with a cogent summary.
cognizant
adj
- cognizant of the potential dangers
- He is cognizant of his duties as a father.
collapse
v / n
- Talks between management and unions have collapsed.
- The coup’s(政变) collapse has speeded up the drive to independence.
- All opposition to the plan has collapsed.
collude
v
- Several people had colluded in the murder.
- They colluded with terrorists to overthrow the government.
- Several local officials are in jail on charges of colluding with the Mafia(黑手党).
colossal
adj
- There has been a colossal waste of public money.
- Every bit of this colossal damage was caused by one woman’s lie.
coltish
adj
- coltish teenagers
- Off camera the actor is high-spiritedly coltish, but turns serious once the camera starts rolling.
Unit 9
coma
n
- She was in a coma for seven weeks.
- He has not ventured outside his tiny house for years because his wife is in a coma, and he does not want her to wake up and find him gone.
combustible
- adj
- combustible material / gases
- This strong oxidizer(氧化剂) in the match head is highly combustible.
- adj
- a combustible temper
- The coach had to keep the combustible players under control.
cluster
n
- clusters of men in formal clothes
- A small cluster of people had gathered at the scene of the accident.
comity
n
- group activities promoting comity
- The comity that has always existed among the town’s houses of worship.
commencement
- n
- All applicants should be at least 16 years of age at the commencement of this course.
- They awaited the commencement of the trial.
- n
- I am honored to be with you today at your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world.
- The commencement was held in the grand hall.
commend
vt
- His designs were highly commended by the judges.
- I want to commend you for your courage.
commensurate
- adj
One meter is commensurate with 100 centimeters. - adj
- Salary will be commensurate with experience.
- a job commensurate with her abilities
commingle
v
- Fact and fiction commingle in the story.
- … that fine and funny book, in which horror and laughter are commingled …
- He commingled his personal funds with money from the business.
commitment
- n
- A career as an actor requires one hundred per cent commitment.
- I’ve got a lot of commitments.
- n
- the government’s commitment to public services
- The company’s commitment to providing quality at a reasonable price has been vital to its success.
committed
adj
- They are committed socialists.
- a committed member of the team
Unit 10
commodious
adj
- a house with exceptionally commodious closets
- It was bright and commodious, with a bevelled mirror set in the wall at one end and incandescent lights arranged in three places.
- CRH train is more commodious than normal train.
commonsensical
adj
- commonsensical solution
- Unlearned and commonsensical countryfolk were capable of solving problems that beset the more sophisticated.
commotion
n
- The crowd waiting outside was causing a commotion.
- I heard a commotion down stairs.
compendium
n
- a one-volume compendium of the multivolume original
- The Principles of Psychology, a massive compendium, didn’t appear until 1890.
complacency
n
- Despite signs of an improvement in the economy, there is no room for complacency.
- We have come a long way in this country, and we cannot allow complacency or naiveté to prevent us from finishing the journey.
- If you want to get what you really want out of life you have to ditch much of that complacency.
complaisance
n
- She speaks with complaisance
- The complaisance of his girlfriend is such that she meekly goes along with everything he says.
compliant
adj
- By then, Henry seemed less compliant with his wife’s wishes than he had six months before.
- I asked him for a favor, and he was compliant.
- a corrupt regime aided by a compliant press
compliment
- n / vt
- She complimented him on his excellent German.
- They complimented me on the way I looked each time they saw me.
- You can do no harm by paying a woman compliments.
- n
- Compliments of the new year!
- Please accept these flowers with the compliments of the manager.
clownish
adj
- He had a clownish sense of humour.
- the clownish antics of some of the teenagers at the wedding reception
- Clownish though he is, Andy is serious at the time he should be.
compose
- vt
- I was so confused that I could hardly compose my thoughts.
- Emma frowned, making an effort to compose herself.
- v
- Ten men compose the committee.
- The force would be composed of troops from NATO countries.
